ABSTRACT
The concurrent size reduction in the Complementary metal oxide semiconductors microarray controller system provides a relatively inexpensive and compact unit that can be run with a laptop computer. One of the grand challenges in nanotechnology is the development of new nanofabrication methods that will lead to viable cost-effective nanomanufacturing processes. Viable heterogeneous integration processes will be necessary for many applications including nanoelectronic and photonic-based large-area displays and screens, high-resolution imaging detector arrays, optoelectronic multiplexing devices, and nanophotonic crystal band-gap materials. One of the primary objectives of ongoing research in this area is to demonstrate that electronic microarray devices represent a viable technology for carrying out the assisted self-assembly of functionalized nanostructures into viable higher-order two- and three-dimensional structures, materials, and devices. A fabrication area that appears more problematic is the integration of heterogeneous molecular, nanoscale, and microscale components into higher-order three-dimensional macroscopic structures, materials, and devices.
