ABSTRACT
As the global energy economy makes the transition from fossil fuels toward cleaner alternatives, fusion becomes an attractive potential solution for satisfying the growing needs. The fluid-kinetic hybrid electron model incorporating equilibrium current enables global gyrokinetic Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of both pressure-gradient-driven and current-driven instabilities–as well as their nonlinear interactions in multiscale simulations. The finite-mass kinetic-fluid hybrid electron model has been verified for simulating the theoretically predicted collisionless tearing mode instability in the slab geometry and has been recently implemented and verified in gyrokinetic toroidal code. The basic PIC method is of course a well-established computational approach that simulates the behavior of charged particles interacting with each other through pair-wise electromagnetic forces. The data conflict issue in the charge deposition phase is addressed by providing each thread a private copy of the local grid following by a reduction operation to merge all copies together.
