ABSTRACT
Nowadays, the wastewater reuse is a precondition for sustainable development. Thus, various biological, chemical, physical and physicochemical methods, such as activated sludge process, fixed film bioreactors, adsorption, advanced oxidation processes and separation are applied for textile wastewater treatment (Fu et al. 2011). However, closing the water cycle cannot be done, regardless of the effort and cost needed. Most physicochemical methods are not only expensive but also generate wastes that are more difficult to dispose than raw wastewater, which in ordinary way, is channelled off into sewage treatment plant. Additionally, some chemical methods present the complication associated with the possible toxicity of degradation products (Li et al. 2015). Activated carbon has limited application. Filtration, as well as electrochemical processes and coagulation, are of doubtful value owing to the cost of treating the sludges and number of restrictions concerning their disposal.
