ABSTRACT
Traditional administrative theory has stressed the functional. The functionalists contend that an organization is understood by the manifest purposes of its various departments and their joint oper ation in achieving the organization’s objectives. Functional writers, such as Gulick and Urwick (1937), Urwick (1944), Fayol (1949) and Weber (1978) argue (with different emphases) that the science of administration is about fitting the clean rationality of organizational goals and functions to the rather different rationality of workers, who wish to earn as much as they can with the least possible effort. The fit is achieved by managers shaping worker behaviour to organizational objectives, using an armoury of rules, regulations and inducements.
