ABSTRACT

Western societies are currently experiencing a tremendous demographic change with an unprecedented increase in absolute and relative numbers of senior citizens. Several studies indicate that physical exercise could play a key role in healthy ageing and prevention of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. The ageing process varies widely between individuals; nevertheless, it is apparent that many physical, cognitive and motoric parameters degrade in old age. The transition between normal and pathological ageing, namely dementia, is smooth and clinically often difficult to detect. The most common model for this transitional phase is that of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MCI is associated with an increased risk for later Alzheimer's disease, especially when memory functions are affected in the first place. This chapter illustrates the impact of diverse lifestyle factors on neuroplasticity and the prevention of dementia. It describes the aerobic endurance sport. The dance programme was especially designed to boost constant learning by presenting participants with new choreography all the time.