ABSTRACT
This chapter describes the Paris Agreement's transparency mechanisms that have been created to provide periodic critical review of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) submitted by nations to determine whether they are sufficiently ambitious and fair to achieve the Agreement's warming limit goal. It explains why experience with national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction commitments made before Paris demonstrates that nations will need to submit specific information with their NDCs, to allow citizens and governments to effectively evaluate whether the national commitments are adequately ambitious and fair. The chapter describes a five-step process that a nation should follow in formulating its NDC to assure that the nation's GHG emissions reduction commitment constitutes the nation's fair share of a global GHG emission that will achieve the Agreement's warming limit goal. It argues that national climate change policies should focus on preventing human rights violations to the maximum extent feasible.
