ABSTRACT
Introduction ........................................................................................................ 450 The Challenge of Interpersonal Crime and Violence .................................... 452
Interpersonal Violence and Crime Is Too Frequent, Damaging, and Costly ....................................................................................................... 452 Using only Repression Based on More Policing and Incarceration Is Ineffective and Costly in Tax and Human Terms ...................................... 454
Accumulation of Significant Evidence That Prevention Is the Effective Solution to Violence ........................................................................................... 455
What Are the Risk Factors for Violence? .................................................... 455 What Prevents Violence by Tackling the Risk Factors .............................. 455 Benefits Include Less Harm to Victims, Better Human Development, and Less Need for Repressive Solutions ...................................................... 459
Growing Consensus on Importance of Governance Strategies That Are Multisectoral ....................................................................................................... 459
Government Multisectoral Strategies ......................................................... 459 Local Comprehensive Community Safety Strategies ................................ 461 UN Habitat-Safer Cities Application of CCSSs ....................................... 461
Essential Supports for the Paradigm Shift to Effective Prevention .............. 463 Effective Prevention Needs Funding ........................................................... 464 Effective Prevention Needs Qualified Personnel to Apply It ................... 464 Need to Advance Research and Development ........................................... 464 International Development Research Centre ............................................ 465 Measuring Outcomes Focuses Multisector Strategies on Results ........... 465
Getting Political Action for the Essential Supports ....................................... 465 Public Opinion and Victims Support Social Investment in Prevention.... 466 Critical Events Can Shift Policy to Evidence-Based Prevention Strategies ..................................................................................... 466 Intergovernmental Agencies Provide Collective Commitment for Action ........................................................................................................ 467
Communities of Practice Provide Momentum for Action ........................... 467 International Centre for the Prevention of Crime .................................... 467
Learning Outcomes After reading this chapter, you should be able to
• Understand the prevalence and impact of street and intimate partner violence on both males and females as well as the costs to victims and society
• Get to know the easily accessible sources of the accumulated knowledge on effective and cost-effective prevention
• Recognize key governance processes and responsibility center to target investment into the areas and on risk factors that will prevent crime and violence across jurisdictions, including diagnosing risk factors and locations, planning a comprehensive multisectoral strategy, developing the human capacity to implement the strategies, and evaluating outcomes
• Distinguish what basic elements are essential to putting prevention knowledge into practice, including funding, measurement of outcomes, quick wins, capacity development, and research
• Identify ways to encourage political will to implement, such as important groups and organizations that are advocating and promoting effective crime prevention, including communities of practice
In 1985, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted a landmark resolution 40/34 on Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime
European Forum for Urban Safety .............................................................. 468 African Forum for Urban Safety .................................................................. 468 Developing Networks in North America ................................................... 469 Latin America Region ................................................................................... 470
Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 470 Glossary of Key Terms ....................................................................................... 472 Discussion Questions ......................................................................................... 473 Suggested Further Reading ............................................................................... 473 Acknowledgment ................................................................................................474 References .............................................................................................................474
