ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION Photobiomodulation (PBM) has beneted from the contribution of nanotechnology in the use of semiconductors. The observation of photonic energy induces a major interaction of the energy with biological living matter-the photoelectric effect. Since the late nineteenth century, light has been used for medical advances. Niels Ryberg Finsen (Nobel Prize winner in Medicine and Physiology) cured lupus vulgaris with UV radiation, and, in 1896, he founded the rst institute for phototherapy, the Finsen Institute, for the study of the biological effects of light and its various applications [1-3]. In 1967, Endre Mester, a Hungarian physician, introduced the term “biostimulation” [4] for hair growth phenomenon after low-energy laser irradiation (as a chance experience) [66]. In 1975, Fritz A. Popp [5,6] took forward the discoveries of A. Gurvitch. He proved that all living plant cells absorb and emit light continuously. This is also observed in animal and human cells.
