ABSTRACT
Tissue engineering has been globally applied in various fields to address the need in enhancing therapeutic strategies for a number of chronic and degenerative diseases. The triad, also known as the 3S, of tissue engineering is composed of sources (cells), scaffolds (reinforcing agents), and signaling molecules (cytokines and growth factors) and has been explored worldwide. Any of these 1176three components can be used in any combination, depending on the target tissue. It could be a source and scaffold combination, or scaffold and signal, or source and signal. 1 Many scientists have explored the alternative uses of drugs aside from their conventional medical applications. From this premise, the concept of drug repositioning has rapidly emerged not only in pharmacology but also in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Drug repositioning is anchored on the principle that diseases have similar damaged or affected signaling pathways. However, recently, drugs have been repositioned not only for their alternative therapeutic uses but also as novel scaffold biomaterials in various fields.
