ABSTRACT
DNA biosensors (genosensors), based on nucleic acid recognition processes, have witnessed a burgeoning interest in the commercial as well as research fields. Recent times have perceive an upsurge in the development of genosensors for sensitive, rapid, specific, and inexpensive testing of genetic and infectious diseases, and for the detection of DNA interactions. The main principle governing the detection by genosensors relies on specific DNA hybridization, directly on the surface of a physical transducer. This chapter deals with the main DNA immobilization techniques, new micro-and nanotechnological platforms for biosensing and the transduction mechanisms in genosensors. Further, the applications of nanomaterials, particularly conducting polymers (CPs), noble metal nanoparticles (MNPs), carbonaceous material, quantum dots (QDs), and metal-oxide for the signal amplification of these genosensors have also been discussed.
