ABSTRACT
Electron Microscope) Images ............ 75 5.2.1.4.2 FTIR Analysis of Sweetlime Peel
Powder Before and After Adsorption ................................ 76
5.2.1.4.3 BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) Method ............................................... 76
5.3 Adsorption Study ........................................................................... 77 5.4 Breakthrough Curve Modeling ...................................................... 77 5.4.1 The Bohart-Adams Model .................................................. 78 5.4.2 The Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) Model .................... 78 5.4.3 The Yoon-Nelson Model .................................................... 79 5.5 Results and Discussion .................................................................. 79 5.5.1 Column Studies .................................................................. 79 5.5.1.1 Effect of Flow Rate ............................................. 79 5.5.1.2 Effect of Bed Height ........................................... 80 5.5.1.3 Effect of Initial Cr(VI) Concentration ................. 81 5.5.1.4 Application of Different Breakthrough Models .............................................................................. 82 5.5.1.4.1 Bohart-Adams Model ........................ 82 5.5.1.4.2 Bed Depth Service Time
(BDST) Model ................................... 82 5.5.1.4.3 Application of Yoon-Nelson
Model ................................................. 83 5.6 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 84 Keywords ................................................................................................ 85 References ............................................................................................... 85
5.1 INTRODUCTION
Water, a very important element on the earth is vital for the survival of plants, animals, human beings, other living organism, etc. About 14,000 billion cubic meters (BCM) of water, which is estimated by UN, as the total amount of water on earth is enough to cover the earth with a layer of 3000 meters depth. But the availability of fresh water is of very small proportion of 2.7%. Out of this, 75.2% is held frozen in polar regions and another 22.6% is present as ground water. Due to rapid industrialization and population explosion the available fresh water quality and quantity has declined to a greater extent [1]. Also many heavy metals are released to these water bodies, which are well above the tolerance limit permitted in aquatic environment leading to further deterioration.
