ABSTRACT
CHAPTER SUMMARY Non-invasive (NI) analytics forms an essential part of diabetic healthcare monitoring and management, as reflected by the wide range of commercial personalised devices for point-of-care testing (POCT) currently available on the market. Besides blood glucose, a wide variety of other physiological parameters, such as blood pressure, weight, body analysis, pulse rate, electrocardiography (ECG), blood glucose saturation, sleeping, and physical activity are standard measurements carried out in personalised diabetic healthcare management. Nevertheless, NI glucose monitoring (NGM) has always been the most widely investigated area in POCT that can critically improve diabetic care. An emerging trend is the development of personalised POCT devices using a smartphone (SP)- based NI analytics and wearable technologies. However, the successful implementation of NGM and management lies in overcoming the formidable but not insurmountable technical issues to improve the reliability and calibration of NI instruments. Additionally, robust validation is needed to establish the results obtained under different physiological conditions associated with metabolism, bodily fluid circulation, and blood components. NI measurement must be as precise and reliable as measuring glucose in blood and subject to regulatory approval.
