ABSTRACT
CONTENTS 2.1 The local cloud concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.2 Local cloud properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.3 Local cloud establishment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.4 Automation support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.5 Automation application engineering in local clouds . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.6 Latency in local clouds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.7 Security in local clouds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.7.1 Service authentication and authorisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.7.2 Data encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.8 System of Systems scalability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.8.1 Inter-cloud service exchange security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.1 The local cloud concept As discussed in the previous chapte,r we see strong development of cloud technology and the usage of cloud technology for various applications. A survey of different cloud concepts currently offered can be found in [1]. Most of these are variations of a global cloud concept where a number of requirements falls short. For digitisation and automation with their strong requirements of real-time, specific engineering, security and multi-stakeholder integration, the work of the Arrowhead project has led to the introduction of the local cloud concept. The major requirements for this are
• Automation requirement on latency guarantee for communication and control computations
• Multi-stakeholder integration and operations agility • Security and related safety of automation systems • Ease of application engineering The local cloud concept takes the view that specific geographically local
automation tasks should be encapsulated and protected. These tasks have strong requirements on real time, ease of engineering, operation and maintenance, and system security and safety. The local cloud idea is to let the local cloud include the devices and systems required to perform the desired automation tasks, thus providing a local “room” which can be protected from outside activities [70]. In other words the cloud will provide a boundary to the open internet, thus aiming to protect the internal of the local cloud from the open internet.
