ABSTRACT
CONTENTS 7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 7.2 Market as an energy optimising method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
7.2.1 Energy flexibility concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 7.2.1.1 FlexOffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 7.2.1.2 Aggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
. . . 7.2.2.2 Market place clearing process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
7.2.3 Architecture overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 7.2.3.1 FlexibleResource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 7.2.3.2 AggregatorResource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 7.2.3.3 MarketResource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 7.2.3.4 Communication Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
7.3 Optimisations based on a virtual market of energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 7.3.1 Heat pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 7.3.2 Campus building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
7.4 Energy optimisation on lifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 7.4.1 Multisource elevator energy optimisation and control . . 227 7.4.2 Smart elevator monitoring and control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
7.4.2.1 Arrowhead approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 7.4.2.2 Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 7.4.2.3 Exploitation of results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
7.5 Context aware streets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 7.5.1 Intelligent urban lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 7.5.2 Intelligent car heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
7.6 Optimisation of municipal service systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 7.6.1 MSS cloud description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 7.6.2 Application services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 7.6.3 Further development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 7.6.4 Advantages and savings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
7.7 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
7.1 Introduction In this chapter, we present a number of applications of the Arrowhead Framework with special attention to services related to awareness and optimisation of energy consumption. First, we present the notion of FlexOffers as a general mechanism for describing energy flexibility. FlexOffers can be aggregated into larger flexibility units to be used as an Arrowhead service in the virtual market of energy [1]. This is followed by two examples on how to exploit such a flexibility service in the energy management of heat pumps and a campus building. Then we present two examples on how to exploit renewable energy to provide elevator services. Next, two examples of context aware services are described – smart lighting and smart car heating, and finally it is described how the Arrowhead Framework can play a role in the optimisation of municipal service systems. In the final section, we indicate future work.
