ABSTRACT
The groundwater simulation model was called a horizontal two-dimensional model, but the leakage term from the upper unconfined aquifer through the upper confining layer was taken into account in the model considering the hydrogeological settings of the Musashino Terrace in western Tokyo. The importance of hydrogeological facies classification was recognized in mid-1970s when the land subsidence caused by the deep extraction of water-soluble natural gas became serious issues in the Funabashi gas field, Japan. This chapter reviews the methods of parameter estimation for vertical two-dimensional (2-D) and Three Dimensional groundwater modeling. It introduces a more precise method of parameter estimation based on hydrogeological facies modeling. The detailed method will help reliable simulations of groundwater flow, mass transport, and heat transport studies. The chapter provides a case study of practical parameter estimation for the vertical 2-D groundwater simulation in the Kanto groundwater basin, Japan. The quasi-three dimensional multi-aquifers model was developed to simulate groundwater flow in a multilayered groundwater basin.
