ABSTRACT
CONTENTS 3.1 Introduction 48
3.1.1 Cyber and Physical 48 3.1.2 Logic Interpretation 50
3.2 Concept of Interpretation 52 3.3 Interpreted Formalisms 54 3.4 Rigorous Denition of Cyber-Physical Systems 55 3.5 Structure of an Interpreted Formalism 55
3.5.1 Real-World Types 55 3.5.2 Example Real-World Type 58 3.5.3 Real-World Type Rules 59
3.6 An Implementation of Interpretations for Java 60 3.6.1 Design of the Implementation 60 3.6.2 Use of the Implementation 61 3.6.3 Type Conversion 63 3.6.4 Typed Java Entities 64
3.7 Performance/Experimental Results 65 3.7.1 Kelpie Flight Planner 65 3.7.2 Other Java Applications 67
3.8 Related Work 67 3.8.1 Modeling the Relationships between the Real World and
the Machine World 67 3.8.2 Conventional Types 68 3.8.3 Enhanced Type Systems 68 3.8.4 Real-World Constraints 69 3.8.5 Improved Program Understanding 69 3.8.6 Concept Location 69 3.8.7 Context Representation and Reasoning 70
3.9 Summary 70 References 70
3.1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter, we present a rigorous denition of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) based on the three essential components of such a system: (1) a computing platform, (2) a set of physical entities with which the computing platform interacts, and (3) a connection between the rst two components. These components seem familiar, and the third probably seems trivial. But the third component is crucial because it denes how logical values read and produced by the computing platformwill be aected by andwill aect the various physical entities (for example, whether an integer input of “73” that is meant to be a heading is measured relative to true North or magnetic North and whether an output with logic value of “1” is meant to cause a pump to start or stop).
