ABSTRACT

The ‘clean energy’ challenge deserves a commitment akin to the Manhattan project or the Apollo moon landing.

Martin Rees

Distributed electrical energy generation has a number of advantages. These include (U.S. DOE, 2007; Johansson et. al., 2012):

1. Increased reliability of the electrical system 2. Reduction of peak power requirements 3. Improvements in power quality 4. Reductions in land-use impacts and acquisition costs for rights-of-way 5. Improvements in infrastructure resilience 6. Reductions in transmission requirements and costs 7. Low cost option in remote environments 8. Greenhouse gas emissions are small for distributed solar and wind

energy

CONTENTS

7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 71 7.2 Solar Photovoltaic (PV) ...............................................................................72