ABSTRACT
The electrification of transportation in the United States is a quickly growing industry that has several implications for the country’s economy as well as its citizens. The emergence and adoption of hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles (PHEVs), and battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) will significantly change the country’s energy infrastructure and economy. In 2013, an average of 8.774 million barrels of finished motor gasoline was used each day (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2014f). With an increasing population of electrically powered vehicles on the road, accompanied by a gradual increase in fuel economy, the amount
CONTENTS
9.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 89 9.2 External Costs of Conventional Vehicles ..................................................90
