ABSTRACT
CONTENTS 16.1 Incumbent-Newcomer Relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 16.2 Interference Temperature-Based Primary Protection Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 16.3 Service-Level-Based Primary Protection Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 16.4 Spectrum Availability Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
16.4.1 Coverage Calculation and Channel Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 16.4.2 Minimum Separation Distance and Local Channel Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 16.4.3 Conditional Channel Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 16.4.4 Channel Availability In Service Level Protection Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 16.4.5 Primary System Interference and Spectrum Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
16.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Regulatory policies for secondary spectrum access enable more efficient spectrum exploitation and, by defining the rules for locally sharing incumbent spectrum, have the potential to open new markets to interested parties. The design space for such policy frameworks is vast, and comprises a plethora of possibilities to determine which and how frequency bands may be opened up for secondary operations. With regard to this, the reuse of unoccupied parts of the UHF-TV broadcasting bands, the TV whitespaces (TVWS), has gained most attention in academia and industry, paving the way towards the development of similar sharing frameworks for radar and other incumbent technologies. As a global forerunner, the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has enabled unlicensed secondary access to the TVWS in their 2008 Notice and Order. In Europe, the UK regulator Ofcom is currently preparing its own technical framework.
