ABSTRACT
Accident reports reveal that human error is the number one cause of accidents in transportation. For example, a review of accidents in the aeronautical domain states that 71% of the flight accidents investigated by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) between 1989 and 1992 were caused by human error (Jones and Endsley, 1996). Further, a review of accidents in the maritime domain, which was performed on the basis of data from the U.K. Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB), the Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSBC), and the Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB), showed that more than 82% of accidents in shipping were associated with human error, and in 46% human error was even the main cause (Baker and McCafferty, 2005) of which 71% were caused by degraded situation awareness (SA) (Hetherington et al., 2006).
