ABSTRACT
Marine organisms are involved in a variety of bioactive metabolites. They manifest a great variety of biological activity. The increasing desire for medicine to be able to manage new diseases that are resistant to strains of microorganisms seemed to arouse unconventional
1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Marine Bacteria and Fungi 5 1.3 Marine Actinobacteria 6
1.3.1 Marine Algae 6 1.3.1.1 Potent Producers of Secondary Metabolites-Marine Algae 7
1.3.2 Seaweed 7 1.3.3 Marine Sponges 8 1.3.4 Antitumor Action of Actinomycetes 9 1.3.5 Antibacterial Action 9 1.3.6 Antifungal Compounds 10 1.3.7 Antiviral Compounds 10 1.3.8 Cytotoxic Activity 10 1.3.9 Cytostatic Activity 11 1.3.10 Anti-Inammatory Activity 11 1.3.11 Antimalarial Activity 11 1.3.12 Antidiabetic Activity 11 1.3.13 Anti-HIV Activity 12
1.4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 12 References 13
new sources of bioactive natural products in the early 1960s. The ocean aimed outward to be appealing eld. Since then numerous efforts have been made worldwide to isolate recent metabolites from microorganisms. It has been observed that marine organisms show antimicrobial, antifungal, antifertility, antiviral, antibiotic, and anticarcinogenic activities. It has also been noted that marine tunicates show a high order of antitumor, antiviral, and immunosuppressive activities. The essentialness of terrestrial microscopic organisms and parasites as wellspring of protable bioactive metabolites has existed for a really long time. Marine Actinobacteria are the most economically and biotechnologically invaluable prokaryotes. The physiological and metabolic limits allow marine organisms to synthesize bioactive secondary metabolites in great conditions, which provides an enormous potential for the creation of novel exacerbates that are not present in living beings. The unique chemical ecology of secondary metabolite synthesis in marine organisms makes them a potential source for bioactive drugs. The signicance of terrestrial microorganisms and parasites as wellsprings of signicant bioactive metabolites has been exceptionally entrenched for more than a large portion of a century. Therefore, more than 120 of the most imperative medications being used today (penicillin, cyclosporin A, adriamycin, etc.) are obtained from terrestrial microorganisms. At rst sight along these lines, the tremendous expected biodiversity of the strength of marine microorganisms has been the reason for the enthusiasm for their study. An extra conceivable clarication should be that marine microorganisms have constituted denitive “inviolated” outskirts for the hunt of marine natural products. In any case, albeit substantial, these were not the initial genuine reasons. Resistant sickness is the most obvious reason for death in tropical nations, contributing to about half of all fatalities. Moreover, resistant ailments and mortality rates are on the rise in developed nations (Pinner et al., 1996). Developing and redeveloping diseases are thought to be driven to a great extent by nancial, natural, and environmental components (Daszak et al., 2000; Woolhouse, 2008). Between 1940 and 2004, 335 resistant ailments were reported to have been developed worldwide. These negative well-being patterns require a recharged enthusiasm for resistant sickness and also compelling methods for treatment and anticipation (Morens et al., 2004; Jones et al., 2008). Considering the emerging and reemerging infectious diseases and issues relative to antibiotic resistance, marine organisms are a rich source of novel bioactive leads for the discovery of next generation antibiotics.
