ABSTRACT
Channel Modeling 31 2.2.1 Free Space Propagation Model 32 2.2.2 Reflection, Refraction, and Transmission 32 2.2.3 Diffraction 33 2.2.4 Scattering 34
2.3 Classification and Principles of the Channel Models 34 2.3.1 Deterministic Models 35 2.3.2 Statistical Models 35 2.3.3Path Loss, Shadowing, and Multipath Fading 36 2.3.4Small-Scale Channel Characterization 37
2.44G and Beyond Channel Modeling Challenges 38 2.5 MIMO Channel Modeling for 4G and Beyond 39
2.5.1 COST 2100 MIMO Channel Model 39 2.5.2WINNER II MIMO Channel Model 40 2.5.3 Characterization of Dense Multipath Components 41
2.6 Outdoor Channel Modeling for 4G and Beyond 41 2.6.1 Outdoor Channel Impulse Response and
Small-Scale Characterizations 41 2.6.2 Outdoor Path Loss Models and Shadowing 42
2.7 Indoor Channel Modeling for 4G and Beyond 43 2.7.1 Indoor Channel Impulse Response and
Small-Scale Characterizations 43
The growing request for mobile broadband has motivated research activities for the next generation of cellular networks to increase data rates and achieve a higher quality of service. The long term evolution advanced (LTE-Advanced) networks fully meet 4G requirements and were commercially launched in 2012 to satisfy user demand. However, the rapid growth of data traffic as a result of revolution at the user devices and increased connection between vehicles, sensors, and health devices are driving the advent of the new generation wireless mobile 5G networks. Research activities on 5G communication technologies have been recently started in both the academic and industrial communities [1,2].
