ABSTRACT
Civilizations have used temperatures near 0°C for thousands of years. The ability to reach signi†cantly lower temperatures and into the cryogenic range has only become feasible in the last two centuries with the development of effective coolers as described in Chapters 1 and 6. Speci†cally, the use of cryogenic temperatures offers numerous bene†ts as listed:
1. Preservation of biological material and food 2. High ¤uid densities (liquefaction and separation of gases)
CONTENTS
14.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 437 14.2 Bene†ts of Cryogenics .......................................................................................................438 14.3 Applications of Cryogenics .............................................................................................. 439
14.3.1 Long-Term Preservation of Biological Material and Food ............................... 439 14.3.1.1 Preservation of Biological Material ...................................................... 439 14.3.1.2 Food Freezing ..........................................................................................440
