ABSTRACT

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death in younger patients. There are about 300 cases per 100,000 head injuries annually. In the United States alone, 100,000 patients per year may require surgical intervention. TBI affects all health and social aspects, including cognition, behavior, and physical abilities. Examination of patients sustaining severe TBI is mainly directed by the Glasgow Coma Scale. This affords a quick and efficient communication between emergency practitioners. When assessing a patient's response to stimuli, central stimulation should precede peripheral stimulation via the supraorbital notch or sternum. Complete blood count is performed to evaluate his hemoglobin, white count, and platelets. Also, coagulation and liver profile need to be checked, as patients who are alcoholic or have clotting deficiencies need consideration. Neurosurgery is a critical element in the management of severe brain injury.