ABSTRACT
A large proportion of paediatric orthopaedic problems seen in primary care are physiological and are referred to as normal variants. In-toeing, most commonly known as pigeon toes, refers to an inward pointing foot and is more common than out-toeing. They are an important cause for parental concern and a frequent referral to paediatric orthopaedic clinics. Metatarsus adductus is defined as an atypical inward twisting/bending of the foot, also referred to as pigeon toes. Congenital metatarsus varus condition is a pathological cause of in-toeing in the first 2 years of life. It should be differentiated from metatarsus adductus. Bow legs and knock knees are the common angular deformities of the lower limbs presenting to general medical practice. Tarsal coalition is a congenital abnormality relating to fusion of tarsal bones and resulting in a rigid flat foot deformity. Pes cavus refers to a foot deformity characterised by an elevated medial longitudinal arch.
