ABSTRACT
The opportunities and the hopes promised by the field of stem cell research and stem cell therapy are numerous and diverse. From disease modeling to tissue regeneration therapy, stem cell biology opens many avenues toward treatment of numerous disorders in completely novel ways. The applications of reprogramming and stem cell therapy also present a unique opportunity to understand and treat metabolic diseases, specifically diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus itself can be manifested in three categories: type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and monogenic forms of diabetes mellitus (MODY). The pancreas is one of the primary organs featured in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, including T1DM, T2DM, and MODY. Diabetic neuropathy is a complication that arises due to nerve damage as a result of continual exposure to hyperglycemic condition. Together with nerve damage, damage to endothelial cells lining blood vessels helps exacerbate the microvascular and macrovascular complications, which lead to diabetic foot ulcer and other conditions.
