ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on two regions of the world, Latin America and Africa, to show how diverse histories of colonialism as well as entrenched structural inequalities inform the limits and possibilities of genomic research and medicine. It present case studies of research on identifying disease biomarkers in cancer genetics and pharmacogenomic research related to warfarin dosage in Brazil and a wide range of technologies used in sickle cell programmes in Senegal, as well as the H3 Africa initiative. Instead the question of inequities is marked by wider concerns national and cross-regional social or economic inequities in health care resources more broadly. The way that a notion of 'under-served' communities is articulated in Brazilian genomics, as well as in broader arenas of Brazilian public health, has generally not been orientated to the needs of specifically racialised groups. High technology medicine and related interventions are now increasingly entangled with the growing judicialisation of health in Brazil.
