ABSTRACT
Introduced into Calabar in 1846 by the Scottish Presbyterian missionaries and later joined by other church denominations, including the Anglicans, the growth and development of Christianity in the area has been influenced by various factors religiously, socially and otherwise. The established orthodox churches have over the years tried to sustain their growth and further enlarge their coast. Presbyterian and Anglican missions grew and expanded in the early years of their activities in Calabar. However, later, they experienced a decline. In most recent times, there have been internal reformation and revival within these churches that have brought about their phenomenal growth. This change is motivated by challenges from external forces that caused them to re-examine and accommodate other practices that are not contrary to biblical teachings and principles. The social and religious practices borrowed from the society and Pentecostal churches have helped in the resurgence of the Presbyterian and Anglican churches in Calabar. This chapter examines the religious and social elements that have been adapted from the society and the Pentecostal churches by the Presbyterian and Anglican missions in Calabar and how these have contributed to their resurgence.
