ABSTRACT
This chapter introduces the idea of DROs and their evolution in Africa and Asia. Calling this a second wave, the chapter examines how this differs from the first wave. It traces the history of collectivization from co-operatives to microfinance. It also identifies and illustrates the current sociopolitical context (of limits to market processes, the economic compulsions in the face of environmental degradation, global loss of commons and how access to resources is shifting due to economic policies, climate change, as well as the rise of populism with the election of global right-wing governments).
