ABSTRACT
Scientists and policymakers worldwide have come to acknowledge the likelihood of severe, even catastrophic consequences if concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses (GHGs) continue to rise (IPBES/UNEP 2011; TEEB 2010; UNEP 2011; World Bank 2012b). 1 Nevertheless, international policy action to reverse this trajectory has failed almost entirely. Negotiations toward meaningful implementation of the 1994 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have yielded meager results, stalemated by disputes over which countries should be held accountable for past and future global warming and what actions they can be required to take.
