ABSTRACT
Spanish translation in North America, within its countries and region and with the rest of the world, stands to grow exponentially. Immigration to Canada after the Spanish Civil War marked the first large wave of immigration from the Hispanophone world, and contributed to original and translated literary production in English, French, and Spanish. Translation flows between Canada and the United States in language combinations involving Spanish are far less than these countries’ Hispanophone exchanges with the rest of the world; Hispanic-Canadian literature has been largely destined for national consumption and export overseas, thus far bypassing Canada’s neighbour to the south. Community advocacy groups, minority participation in governance, effectiveness of translation processes and policies, glossary-building, and other supports and peripheral factors affect Spanish translation’s role in securing language rights and inclusion in the voting process. The impact of Spanish translation on mobile outreach in particular is relevant to Spanish-speaking populations in North America, as the cell phone is a ubiquitous technology.
