ABSTRACT
This chapter argues that Herder provides an embedded cosmopolitan alternative to Kant's legal state-based cosmopolitanism. The central component of Kant's peace plan is the establishment of a pacific federation of republican states through their voluntary agreement to give up their lawless freedom and to submit to international and cosmopolitan law. Herder's inclusion of the story of the indigenous peace alliance is a direct challenge to Kant's privileging of the state as a prerequisite for peace and his euro-centric, Hobbesian claim that war is endemic in primitive' societies. As John Pizer indicates, in arguing against Kant, Herder uses the "peace woman" as a metonym for the futility of creating confederative institutions designed to establish perpetual peace'. Herder offers in its place an embedded cosmopolitan alternative that emphasizes local ties and loyalties while it supports informal mechanisms for mutual co-operation at the international level based on the cultivation of a transnational empathy.
