ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses what extent the Europeanisation approaches need further qualification when applied to Turkey, which squares even on democracy with the Western Balkan (WB) but whose statehood is less limited. It summarizes the major implications Turkey has for Europeanisation approaches and discussing why Turkey is not a case sui generis. The chapter explains that the research on External Europeanisation focuses on factors that have limited or at least qualified the domestic impact of the EU in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) and WB accession countries. The democratic quality of a regime influences the willingness of state actors to promote domestic change in response to EU influence. The Europeanisation literature argues that the misfit between EU and domestic institutions, policies and political processes affects the domestic balance of power among different actors. Civil society has been empowered in Turkey, not least by the legal, financial and technical support of the EU.
