ABSTRACT
Neoliberalism' has resisted definitional consensus for many other reasons: its complex history; the involvement of a multitude of both state and non-state actors; shifting, highly adaptable purposes; and varying forms and degrees of political and financial expression. While Tunisia and Egypt are already neoliberal, the Western neoliberal globalization ideology continues to strive for both economic and institutional restructuring towards still greater neoliberalism, as a 'solution' to the revolutionary discontent across North Africa from 2011 – an impetus extended to much of the world both before and since. The gradual re-shaping of the global economy led by newly developed nations is not without hope; and Africa's very considerable natural resource endowments and the size of its markets give the continent's states considerable leverage in furthering at least some diminution of neoliberalism.
