ABSTRACT
This chapter takes a closer look at India's hydroelectric power projects (HEP) policies, their implementation methods, and the socio-economic and ecological concerns that have surfaced in response over last decade. In an effort to address social inequality, in general, and avoid mega-project induced displacements and environmental problems, in particular, Indian state has implemented a larger number of protective measures. India's high economic growth rates, combined with increased energy production since mid-1990s, have also translated into extensive demand for new infrastructure and raw materials. India's northeast has long suffered from under-representation in mainstream national agendas. Over the last decade, the region has attracted prime attention regarding energy security. The state government of Sikkim has also undertaken to implement "Green Mission", a set of multi-dimensional strategies to encourage sustainable development, organic agriculture, bio-diversity conservation, and responsible eco-tourism. Government policies at the national level have also prioritized social equity and inclusive growth, particularly for people whose livelihoods are inextricably linked with land-based resources.
