ABSTRACT
Throughout Europe, migration has greatly increased the religious diversity of the population and turned immigrant integration into a key political issue. This chapter presents the different models of governance of diversity that prevail in Austria in the field of immigrant integration and accommodation of religious diversity. Austrian policies to deal with diversity do not fit neatly into scholarly classifications. Rather, two contradictory models of the governance of diversity co-exist. In Austria, the Federal Constitution provides a guarantee of freedom of religion in general and also the right to manifest one's religion in private and in public as long as this does not conflict with public order and customs. The chapter classifies the religious rights associated with Islam and argues that the increasing number of rights derived from religious membership amount to a form of 'religious citizenship' that transcends nationality and therefore increases the rights of Muslim immigrants.
