ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews Western societal development with American complexity scientist Sally Goerner's groundbreaking work on the new science of sustainability, through which she leads the way towards an Integral Society, with an Integral Economy as one of its core components. It finds a wealth of new economic thinking emerging from the field of 'religion and humanity'. Karl Marx says that technologies and organisational forms internalise a certain relation to nature as well as mental conceptions and social relations, daily life and labour processes. From such a dialectical perspective, technological determinism is as wrongheaded as environmental determinism, class-struggle determinism, idealism or determinism arising out of everyday life. Major transformations such as the movement from feudalism to capitalism occur through dialectic of transformation across all moments. Marx developed his thinking further through French Utopian Socialism. Given the strong French inclination for raison and intellect, it sees the element as the northern ingredient of Marx's fusion of European philosophy.
