ABSTRACT

This chapter considers the democratization process on the level of constitutional changes and as a process of parliamentarization and also as an enhancement of participation. It examines the fate of this process in the context of the European Union (EU) crisis management. To analyse and confront this crisis, the chapter addresses two questions concerning the existential crisis and its relation to democracy at the European level. These includes has the process of democratization taken place in the EU and is democracy on the horizon, what are the conditions for a democratic EU. The chapter proposes four visions for the future of Europe: managerialism, anti-federalism, democratic federalism and democratic multiplicities. Thomas Wallgren sees that the EU has three alternatives, which are an authoritarian capitalism, a democratic federal state and the disintegration of the EU. The manifesto speaks of a sense of alienation and a lack of confidence in the ability of the European political and economic system to solve problems.