ABSTRACT
NGO-led consumer campaigns unrelated to the particular campaign to save the Karelian forests have contributed to shaping transnational spaces. In 1990, market campaigns were one of the major strategies of NGO networks. NGO networks targeted not only corporations but also their investors. The most influential campaign was that directed against CITIGROUP and the Bank of New York. The Republic of Karelia is a heavily forested area of Northwest Russia. Since imperial times, forestry has been the republic's primary industry with an orientation towards export. The territory of the controversial Kalevala National Park represents a forested area that lies partly in the former Finnish border military zone and has only one small village inside it. The international NGO-led market campaign took place in the period 1995-2006 with the aim of saving the old-growth forests in the Republic of Karelia. The campaign included numerous publications, videos, conferences, and protests.
