ABSTRACT
Environmental sustainability strives to eliminate impacts on the environmental that will have an undue burden on current and future generations. Designers must have the perspective of environmental impacts across the entire life cycle of a product or service. The recent rapid growth of information and communication technology with data digitization has generated a lot of attention toward the significant amount of electricity consumed by this Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure; from the data centers to the end users' devices that access them. Efficiency is a metric to describe an amount of resource required to provide a service. Substitution is the idea that ICT can create new services and products that replace existing services and products. Rebound is a concept in economics used to describe how consumers can react to changes in the cost of goods and services that reduce the benefits gained from ICT efficiency and substitution technologies.
