ABSTRACT
This chapter explains the evolution and fluctuations in the relationship between North and South Korea, while examining the roles of top leaders, domestic conditions, and international structures in shaping inter-Korean relations. Despite some occasional thaws, the two Koreas usually maintained an antagonistic relationship until South Korean President Kim Dae-jung was inaugurated in 1998. President Kim’s Sunshine Policy and President Roh Moo-hyun’s continuous engagement policy toward North Korea brought about a considerable relaxation of tensions. Between 1998 and 2007, both President Kim and President Roh held historic summits with North Korean leader, Kim Jong-il. In addition to increased governmental interactions, human exchanges skyrocketed primarily due to the opening of the Mt. Geumgang tourist resort and many events initiated by civil society organizations. With South Korea’s generous humanitarian support, the two Koreas have also launched many joint economic projects. However, since conservative forces in South Korea took power in 2008, inter-Korean relations have seriously deteriorated. This was due to the ROK governments’ hardline policies, as well as North Korea’s provocative acts, including nuclear and missile tests, and artillery firings.
