ABSTRACT
This chapter examines innovations in reducing the energy requirements of wireless access networks, as well as discusses the basic trade-offs between energy and operational considerations. Renewable energy is sustainable, clean energy harvested from sources that do not deplete with use or are replenished on a human timescale. This is in contrast to non-renewable energy sources, like oil, coal and natural gas, which are derived from a finite resource. Renewable energy technology can be combined with wireless power transfer to construct sustainable wireless communication networks. Technological improvements have enabled systems to be built in which wireless devices are powered over the air by wireless power transmitters. A typical wireless network consists of three elements: the mobile/wireless device, the access network and the core network. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the necessity for sensibly designed authentication models, as well as green innovations and smart factories, and how these can be integrated into the desalination industry.
