ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses what occurs when two or more languages meet, how these interactions are represented in literary and audiovisual texts, and the mediating role of the translator or writer who is working often between, but also within, languages and cultures to communicate diverse identities. G. Collins refers to subtle ways in which writers may indigenise their texts, including 'semantic hybridity', whereby European worlds are given new forms; or syntactic and grammatical hybridity, namely, the utilisation of local language structures when writing in a European language. The cultural turn in translation studies marked a moving away from more linguistic-focused discussions to look at interrelations and negotiations between different cultures and the impact of new focus on translation models. Javier Valenzuela Manzanares, a Chicana writer and translator, tries to make the Hispanic community of the United States more visible besides conferring legitimacy to the hybrid code used in this context.
