ABSTRACT
Throughout the world digital media technologies have contributed to the transformation of music-especially its production, distribution, circulation and consumption-across different scales. At the micro-level, the experience of music sharing and listening has altered consumption. In contrast to the circulation of cassettes and CDs, music listeners now circulate MP3 files over Bluetooth networks via mobile and laptops, through the exchange of SD cards and flash drives and even through the increasing number of accessories that enable the sharing of music through multiple earbuds and small, portable speakers connected to smartphones and laptops (Sterne 2012; Bickford 2014). Designated music distribution sites such as iTunes and Spotify and video content aggregation sites such as YouTube or Vimeo are also shaping how, when and where people are able to listen to music (Gopinath and Stanyek 2014; Wasko and Erickson 2009).
