ABSTRACT
Dr B. R. Ambedkar is probably more famous in India now than during his lifetime. He is known for two roles; as dynamic leader of the Untouchables and architect of the Indian Constitution. Shortly before his death he converted to Buddhism and this may be the most influential of all his leadership roles. He was not able to create any permanent organization in the two months between conversion and his death but his writing and the work of his followers has begun to produce change in a country in which Buddhism had disappeared before the modern period. Ambedkar was able to build on previous leadership. In the Marathi speaking area, two extraordinary Mahars made a real difference in preparing their people for change. In brief, Gandhi believed change of heart in caste Hindus was the necessary element in progress while Ambedkar held political and legal rights were essential. His reaction to the Vaikam Satyagraha illustrates the complexity of the situation.
