ABSTRACT
Vulnerability refers to the inability to avoid risks. For instance, families with low incomes may not be poor currently, but are vulnerable to poverty in the sense that they live under a risky environment of becoming poor in the future. Likewise, some people may be vulnerable to unemployment, that is, there is a possibility that they may become unemployed in the future. This, therefore, indicates that vulnerability to poverty evaluations are forward-looking and, hence, are different from usual poverty evaluations because the latter is based on current observable information.
