ABSTRACT

Recent research on the work-family (W-F) interface has begun to include the positive as well as the negative aspects of relationships between the two domains. This chapter explains an existing empirical gap in the literature by conducting an examination of the role of gender, gender-role ideology, and national gender equity culture in both the positive and the negative aspects of the W-F interface. Multivariate analysis of covariance analyses along with follow-up univariate tests showed that there was significant three-way interaction between gender, Gender-Role Ideology, and National Gender Equity (NGE) for both directions of positive spillover. With regard to the negative aspect of the W-F interface, namely, the conflict variables, strain-based work-to-family conflict and time-based work-to-family conflict appeared to be influenced by NGE acting as a main effect—being higher in countries that had a higher NGE as compared to countries that had a moderate and low NGE.