ABSTRACT
Overall, the distinction between typical and maximum performance emerges regularly in the discussion section of empirical manuscripts to outline likely causes for unexpected findings or to suggest boundary conditions to the findings reported. Future research of this chapter shows the possibility of using typical versus maximum performance for establishing the construct and criterion-related validity of specific selection procedures. It also introduces three such theoretical approaches, namely valence-instrumentality-expectancy theory (VIE theory), social loafing and facilitation, and self-determination theory. VIE theory has already served to explain effects in the conceptually related literature on social loafing, that is, the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working alone. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) proposes a continuum ranging from an externally regulated motivation via different degrees of internalization to a fully autonomous and possibly even intrinsic motivation. Thus, these literatures offer multiple suggestions for mechanisms and moderators to the study of typical versus maximum performance.
