ABSTRACT
Madness creates an exception placing itself outside the exchange of speech, of discourses. This idea is already present for Jacques Lacan a French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist. The beginning of his teaching, when he discusses the negative freedom of a kind of speech that has given up trying to gain recognition. At this time, Lacan reiterated what he had already said twenty years earlier in Presentations on Psychic Causality rather than resulting from a contingent fact the frailties of his the psychotic's organism madness is the permanent virtuality of a gap opened up in his essence. Lacan added: The psychotic presents essentially as the sign, the sign of an impasse, of what legitimizes the reference to freedom. This absolute impasse separates freedom from its absence. The development of the concept of jouissance forced him to rethink the issue of madness, reworking the theses centered on disturbances in the organization of signification.
