ABSTRACT
Introduction Over the past two decades, the acceleration of economic globalization has revolutionized the interaction between all countries in the world (Hammami et al., 2008; Robertson and Scholte, 2006). Therefore, the new organization of fl ows refl ects the increase in the international mobility of goods. This mobility is based on a few maritime routes, using passages now becoming gradually saturated, such as the canals of Suez and Panama or the Straits of Gibraltar and Malacca. Indeed, the main centers of global production and consumption correspond to the new extended triad (Europe, North America and North East Asia). So the fl ows of goods remain essentially confi ned to the Northern hemisphere. In this context, arises the question of the opening of new international trade routes.
